六种广西道地药材的体外纤溶活性研究

目的：研究六种广西道地药材的体外纤溶活性。方法：采用纤维蛋白平板法,对罗汉果、葛根、天花粉、金银花、姜黄和广金钱草的不同提取液进行体外纤溶活性研究;用大孔吸附树脂柱对广金钱草热水提取物进行分离,并对不同洗脱部位进行体外纤溶活性筛选;用化学定性方法对广金钱草的纤溶活性部位进行化学成分检测。结果：葛根和金银花的冷水超声提取液,天花粉的热水提取液和冷水超声提取液,广金钱草的热水提取液、冷水超声提取液和20％乙醇超声提取液均有体外纤溶作用;广金钱草大孔树脂柱层析的水洗脱部位具有稳定的体外纤溶活性;广金钱草热水提取物和水洗脱前部位的Fehling反应、Molish反应、泡沫试验、三氯化铁试验、溴甲酚绿试验和盐酸一镁粉反应均为阳性;水洗脱后部位的Fehling反应、Molish反应、三氯化铁试验和盐酸一镁粉反应均为阳性,而溴甲酚绿试验和泡沫试验为阴性反应。结论：葛根、天花粉、金银花和广金钱草都具有一定的体外纤溶活性,以广金钱草的纤溶活性最强;广金钱草的纤溶活性成分很可能是还原糖、多糖、鞣质、有机酸、皂苷或黄酮苷。     

Using dive behavior and active acoustics to assess prey use and partitioning by fin and humpback whales near Kodiak Island,Alaska

Near the Kodiak Archipelago, fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales frequently overlap spatially and temporally. The Gulf Apex Predator‐prey study (GAP) investigated the prey use and potential prey partitioning between these sympatric species by combining concurrent analysis of vertical whale distribution with acoustic assessment of pelagic prey. Acoustic backscatter was classified as consistent with either fish or zooplankton. Whale dive depths were determined through suction cup tags. Tagged humpback whales (n = 10) were most often associated with distribution of fish, except when zooplankton density was very high. Associations between the dive depths of tagged fin whales (n = 4) and the vertical distribution of either prey type were less conclusive. However, prey assessment methods did not adequately describe the distribution of copepods, a potentially significant resource for fin whales. Mean dive parameters showed no significant difference between species when compared across all surveys. However, fin whales spent a greater proportion of dive time in the foraging phase than humpbacks, suggesting a possible difference in foraging efficiency between the two. These results suggest that humpback and fin whales may target different prey, with the greatest potential for diet overlap occurring when the density of zooplankton is very high.     

中国南方古生代的一些海相新藻类(英文)

本文报道中国南方广西、贵州晚泥盆世-早石炭世的钙质微体古生物,描述红藻新属Yishanella及其二个新种(Yishanelle filosasp.nov.,Y.multitubalasp.nov.),一个绿藻新种(Pseudokamaenaregularissp.nov.)和一种分类位置未定化石(Menselina nanasp.nov.)。该微体植物群繁衍于透光带中。识别出三个组合,分别代表清洁水体的Girvanella,泥质的Issinella和介于二者之间的Menselina环境。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

广西中泥盆世腕足动物空间分布及古环境意义

统计广西中泥盆世不同沉积相区二十条剖面的腕足动物化石记录共计13目45科69属167种,其中Eifelian期47属73种,Givetian期32属100种.对不同级别分类单元的多样性分析表明,从Eifelian期到Givetian期,不仅腕足动物各个目的组成及多样性结构有明显改变,而且各个时期不同沉积环境下的腕足动物...     

广西二叠纪深海硅质岩系中瓜德鲁普统至乐平统界线地层牙形石分带及动物群特征

在广西钦州地区小董镇大虫岭深海硅质岩剖面中,首次处理出了层序连续的牙形石化石,并由老至新划分了二个牙形石带,即Jinogondolella granti带和Clarkina dukouensis带。通过这二个牙形石带与斜坡相和盆地相碳酸盐岩硅质岩系中的牙形石带进行对比,划分了本剖面中乐平统生物地层底界。本文对深海硅质岩系中这一界线地层牙形石动物群特征进行了简要的描述。     

Seasonal variations in the physiological condition of the benthic amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea)

Seasonal variations in the physiological condition of two benthic deposit-feeding amphipods were studied in two environmentally differing areas in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) with the purpose of estimating their role in benthic mineralisation. At the shallower (26 m) nearshore station, Monoporeia affinis exhibited low ammonia excretion rate (VNH ₄ ⁺ ) throughout the year. After intensive accumulation of lipids in spring, the lipid reserves of the individuals became rapidly depleted during autumn. Gravid females in winter-early spring showed exceedingly low lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels compared to studies carried out in open-sea areas. Pontoporeia femorata studied at the deeper (43 m) offshore station exhibited a higher VNH ₄ ⁺ at all times with no significant seasonal variation. Lipid and TAG accumulated continuously until November, reaching higher levels than recorded previously for this species. Experiments showed that the temperature coefficient Q ₁₀ determined for VNH ₄ ⁺ is likely to depend on the recent feeding history of the amphipods. Mineralisation of nitrogen and carbon by the amphipod populations at the study sites was estimated to be 1.7-3.0 g C and 11.3-13.5 mmol NH ₄ ⁺ m^–2 yr^–1. Conclusively, both biotic and abiotic factors affect the condition of the amphipods, while the species also have genuine differences in their metabolic characteristics.     

广西苦苣苔科一新属——文采苣苔属

描述了在广西发现的苦苣苔科一新属和一新种,即文采苣苔属Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin及文采苣苔W. renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, 并提供墨线图。文采苣苔属的柱头外形略似长檐苣苔属Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang, 不同在于前者叶肾形,基部心形,具掌状脉,花冠斜钟状,裂片圆形,雄蕊和退化雄蕊着生于冠筒近基部。新属在体态上还接近小花苣苔属Chiritopsis W. T. Wang, 但前者叶具掌状脉,冠筒钟状,远轴侧膨胀,柱头马蹄形;在后者叶具羽状脉,冠筒筒状,不膨胀,柱头下唇倒梯形至线形。     

广西苦苣苔科植物区系和生态特点研究

滇黔桂及其邻近地区是我国苦苣苔科植物的分布和特有中心 ,广西正处于这个中心的位置上 ,种类十分丰富 ,共计有 38属、 16 6种 (含种下等级 ,下同 ) ,属和种的分布区类型不太复杂 ,特有现象极为突出 ,其中仅产广西的特有属有 5个 ,特有种达 81个。广西苦苣苔科植物区系与相邻的贵州、云南两省属的相似性系数较高 ,分别为 75 76 %和 71 4 2 % ,但与相邻省份苦苣苔科植物种的相似性系数却较低 ,从 35 4 8%至 6 4 9%不等。苦苣苔科植物在广西全境分布较广泛 ,但各地种类分布很不均衡。广西苦苣苔科植物的天然分布对基质有较严格的专一性 ,种群植株数量一般较少 ,同一种类不同的居群间形态变异较大。